Research Critique, Part 2 - 969 Words

Research Critique, Part 2 Introduction to Nursing of Nursing Nursing 433v October 26, 2013 Research Critique, Part 2 Introduction Improving patient satisfaction has been the forefront of nursing for the past decade. Many studies have been executed to assess practice and procedures that will improve patient satisfaction and patient safety. Nursing leadership and bedside nursing staff play a pivotal role in transforming bedside nursing. A critical appraisal was conducted in Australia by Gardner, Woollett, Daly, amp; Richardson, (2009) on measuring the effect of patient comfort rounds on practice environment and patient satisfaction: a pilot study. This research aimed to test the effect of a model of practice that enhanced the role†¦show more content†¦Data Collection. Gardner et al, 2009 chose a quasi-experimental design hence it was important that a hypothesis was stated to predict the outcome of this study. Both independent and dependent variables were clearly identified and include in the study. Hypothesis 1 is to determine if 1-hourly rounding on the intervention unit will document greater improvem ent in patient satisfaction scores than the control unit and hypothesis 2 will record more positive nurse perceptions of the practice environment than the control unit (Gardner et al, 2009). A research team developed a Patient Satisfaction Survey (PSS) to categorically depict effects of patient comfort round interventions in conjunction with the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) which evaluate the nurse’s perception of their practice environment. The authors were influenced by this style of data collection based on their prior research from (e.g. Suhonen et al.) (Gardner et al, 2009). The PSS consists of nine statements where the PES-NWI was designed based on five subdivisions ranging from one-four. This research project was designed to transpire over an eight week period. Patients partaking in the research were asked to complete the patient survey upon discharge, on the other hand the nurses were asked to complete the PES-NWI survey at three dif ferent timeframes within the eight week period. Data Management andShow MoreRelatedResearch Critique, Part 2 Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Critique, Part 2 Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS 433V 2012 Research Critique, Part 2 This research critique is an article called Comparison of suture types in the closure of scalp wounds written by Joseph Bonham and published in Emergency Nurse. In the emergency room two different types of sutures permanent and non permanent sutures are used as well as glue for lacerations. 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Darius The Great Of The Empire - 1553 Words

Darius I, also known as Darius the Great, was the third king who reigned from 550-486 BCE during the Achaemenid Empire. While he lived, Darius held the empire at its peak, which stretched from the river Nile and parts of Northern Greece to the Indus River Valley. One of the most major events in Darius s life was his expedition to discipline Athens and Eretria for their support in the Ionian Revolt. He made his empire larger by vanquishing Thrace and Macedonia, and occupying Scythia. He also arranged his empire, by splitting it into provinces and placing governors to rule over it. Darius organized a new financial system, along with making Aramaic the official language of the empire. He followed religious tolerance that created peace within the empire. Darius order the carving of the cliff-face Behistun Inscription, an autobiography of great modern linguistic significance. Darius was born as the eldest of five sons to a leading figure of power in Persia named Hystaspes. 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He take up a policy of toleration toward the people he goes againstRead MoreAlexander The Great s Influence On The Persian Empire1453 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander the Great, he is one the most glorified and historically significant leaders within history. Unique, the one word that could be used to describe the details and importance of his life. Unlike his predecessors that came before him, what sets him apart has to be how he rose to power and how he used that power. And even though he only lived until the age of 33, he accomplished what those that came before him failed to do so. The topics to be discussed are how he rose to power and what he managedRead MoreThe Formation of Achaemenid Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world. Iran history life began as early as 4000 B.C, when the Iranian plateau was occupied by people with variety of cultures. Persiasfirst growth began in the Neolitic era, and by the third millennium, under Cyrus the great , it became one of the world greatest empires. 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People, Organisation and Management Free Essays

string(51) " encourages workers empowerment and participation\." | |Case Study: | |The Comparative analysis of LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola | |Company | | Contents Introduction 3 Question 4 Teamwork and Teamworking 5 Organisational Design and Structure 9 Organisational Culture 14 Conclusion 17 Reference 18 Introduction LawrieTech. com is one of the software engineering companies in Scotland, which is developing and supplying software system for controlling electricity supply. We will write a custom essay sample on People, Organisation and Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now LawrieTech. om has 240 employees who service clients in 13 countries, which are include US, France and India. Coca-cola Company is the largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world. Finished beverage products bearing their trademarks, sold in the US since 1886, are now sold in more than 200 countries. Question Read the two organizational case studies and provide a comparative analysis of them in written essay format. In particular the areas of comparison should cover the main topics as below: 1. Teamwork and Teamworking 2. Organizational Design and Structure 3. Organizational Culture 1. Teamwork and Teamworking Team is a combination of people within an organisation with skills, who are working together to achieve desired goal. Teamwork is the activity of working well together as a team with a collective of individual skills, talents and effects. There are four types of teams have been identified in LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola Company. One of the team that had been identified is self-managed team, which also known as autonomous team. Team is empowered to make decision about planning and scheduling of work, allocating tasks, controlling quality of work and evaluating performance which is essential to manage them on daily basis. Both LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola Company exist in self-managed team. Staffs of LawrieTech. com are â€Å"expected to liaise directly with clients and have a mandate to do what it takes to find solutions to their clients’ problems†. LawrieTech. com has to ensure members of teams are in theâ€Å"†¦right mix of skills and capabilities in order to meet the very exacting demands of clients†. According to McClelland’s acquired needs of power theory, members will have a mandate to control other persons, to influence their behaviour, and to be responsible for other people to fulfill their needs and self-satisfaction. Hence, â€Å"staff turnover is minimal and every year LawrieTech. com is inundated with the CVs of eager young graduates†. Coca-Cola Company is a large company which has â€Å"†¦axed 6,000 employees†. Coca-Cola will be an autonomous team because they are given authority to re-design structure and make decisions that adapt to the country’s culture and needs. Coca-Cola produces over 300 brands worldwide† and â€Å"the bottling and distribution system is also adapted to local needs†. Besides, â€Å"they have restructured with a management team coordinates a new, nimble, and entrepreneurial network†. In addition, Coca-Cola â€Å"†¦. has positioned itself for growth by moving key decision making closer to lo cal market†. Virtual team is one of the team which had identified from both companies, where teams are using computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal. They can share information and ideas, make decisions, and complete tasks by using communication links. They can include members from the same company or link an organization’s members with the employees from other organization like suppliers and joint partners. (Stephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge 2005) LawrieTech. com has â€Å"set up a ‘Knowledge Transfer’ on the intranet to share and discuss ideas†. â€Å"Staffs are encouraged to communicate with other teams members†. Fully used of this network connection to let staffs to exchange information and ideas to each other to improve the resources of problem solving. Coca-Cola Company has existed on virtual team as it is â€Å"†¦fostering deeper connections to consumers† with their organization website. Through the network connection Coca-Cola â€Å"†¦ has been very sensitive to local market conditions†, and also â€Å"†¦recognizing the importance of international sales†. They are using the network connection to control and communicate with the other teams who are located in other countries around the world. Besides, Cross-functional team is the members come from different functional units and other part of organization with expectation of sharing information and ideas to solve organization’s problem. This team often functions as self-directed teams responding to broad, but no specific directives. Decision-making within a team may depend on consensus, but often is led by a manager or team leader. LawrieTech. com exists on cross-functional teams; however, Coca-Cola Company does not exist. LawrieTech. com’s employees are â€Å"†¦organized into flexible teams†. â€Å"Each team has the right mix of skills and apabilities† to fulfill clients’ needs to achieve their intention. Members are â€Å"†¦expected to liaise directly with clients and have a mandate to do what it takes to find solutions to their clients’ problems† and â€Å"†¦meet the very exacting the demand of clients†. Both LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola have existe d on employee involvement team, where groups of employees who meet outside their regular assignment to uncover, apply expertise to improve workplace matter. This team often formed a quality circle where they will meet about once a week to discuss their work, identify problems, and present possible solutions to management. Michael P. Dumler Steven J. Skinner 2008) LawrieTech. com has organized â€Å"regular staff social events and outings which all enjoy†. Also, â€Å"although they have job titles, no member of staff has a specific job description suggesting that anything is possible†. They will discuss and share ideas together to improve their problem solving skill capabilities to fulfill their clients’ needs. Coca-Cola Company has existed on this team as well. â€Å"The larger the company is, the harder it is to continue to grow at a steady pace†. Therefore, â€Å"products are developed to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†, and â€Å"Coca-Cola produces over 300 brands worldwide in addition to its flagship brands†. 2. Organizational Design and Structure Organizational Design It can be defined as the creation of roles, processes and formal reporting relationship in an organization. One can distinguish between two phases in an organization design process, which are organic design and mechanistic design. Organic organization operates with minimum bureaucratic features and with a culture that encourages workers empowerment and participation. You read "People, Organisation and Management" in category "Management" However, mechanistic organization is an ideal organization form, and operated with bureaucratic features, like clear cut labour divisions, strict hierarchy and authority, formal rules and promotion based on competency. Organic organization has a flat structure with maximum two levels of management, which called decentralized authority. Supervisors tend to have a more personal relationship with employees. However, mechanistic organization is a centralized authority with narrow span of control, more specialist positions, and homogeneous, functional departments. (Stephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge 2005) The Gibson, Ivancevich, and Donnelly (1995) stated, â€Å"While the mechanistic model seeks to maximize efficiency and product, the organic model seeks to maximize satisfaction, flexibility and development† (p. 542). LawrieTech. com exists on organic design as it is a decentralized authority and there is only two levels management, which is section and team. Meanwhile, the company encourages the empowerment and participation of staffs for problems solving. It is more to be informal or personal type organization as they only have few rules in the organization. Ties are banned from the office†. Also, â€Å"†¦staffs work in flexi time† and they can â€Å"†¦approach their employer, Iain, for a chat† except in the meeting hour. There is â€Å"†¦informal and relaxed atmosphere in the office†. There are wide span of control, which only has two levels of management. LawrieTech. com is also an organization with f ull of intellectual capital, where there are collective brainpowers of workforce that can be used to create value. Therefore, all tasks are shared, â€Å"Although they have job titles, no member of staff has a specific job description suggesting that anything is possible†. Staffs are organized into flexible teams†. Thus, LawrieTech. com has many task forces and is considered as a small enterprise, because it only has â€Å"†¦employed 240 workers†. However, Coca-Cola is a mechanistic organization since it processes as a centralized authority, where there are â€Å"twenty-four division and operations presidents†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and it has more structured. Coca-Cola is a large company, where â€Å"†¦CEO, Douglas Daft axed 6,000 employees†. In addition, it has many rules and regulations as â€Å"twenty-four divisions and operations presidents report to the chief operating officers†. Coca-Cola Company has few task forces, because their shibboleth is one company, one group. Employees are organized into departments and tasks are specialised within their organizational structure, as they have â€Å"†¦ group of individuals, along with Coca-Cola employees and partners worldwide, are responsible for implementing the six strategic priorities† and they are â€Å"†¦ very sensitive to local market conditions†. The span of control is narrow, as â€Å"twenty-four divisions and operations presidents report to the chief operating officers†. Organizational Structure It is a hierarchical concept of subordination of entities that collaborate and contribute to serve one common aim. The structure of an organization is usually set up in one of the variety of styles, dependant on their objectives and ambience. It will determine the modes in which it shall operate and will perform. (Stephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge 2005) There are six types of structure have been identified in both company. First of all, LawrieTech. com exists on team structure, but Coca-Cola is less exists on this structure. Team structure is defined as it greatly use permanent and temporally teams to solve problems, complete special projects, and accomplish daily tasks. It often uses cross-functional teams. For examples, LawrieTech. com’s staffs are â€Å"†¦organized into flexible teams†. â€Å"Each team has the right mix of skills and capabilities in order to meet the very exacting demands of clients†. â€Å"†¦ regular team meeting† is held where members can exchange ideas and communicate with other team members. It helps them to mix easily. Secondly, network structure has been performing within both companies. It is a central core that is linked through networks of relationships with outside contractors and suppliers of essential services. Furthermore, the company own only core components and use strategic alliances or outsourcing to provide other components. LawrieTech. com is a network organization, where it hasâ€Å"†¦set up an intranet, ‘Knowledge Transfer’, to let staffs share and discuss ideas†. â€Å"Staffs are organized into flexible teams† to complete their tasks with perfect mix of skill capabilities. Coca-Cola Company also exists on network structure as well, because employees are organized into departments with using network connection to link to each other and â€Å"†¦recognizing the importance of international sales†. Besides, divisional structures delineate team who works on the same product or process, serve similar customers, and located in the same area or geographical region. It is more common in complex organization and in avoids problems associated with functional structure. LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola have existed on it at the same time, but LawrieTech. com only base on customer structure. For examples, LawrieTech. com’s â€Å"†¦. business strategy involves the development of high specification customer-driven programmes with intense levels of after-sales services†. Its intention, that all of a worker has skills and capabilities to fulfill their clients’ needs. Coca-Cola Company also exists on this structure, which based on customer and geographical. As an example for customer structure, â€Å"products are developed to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†. Coca-Cola tries to adapt to local needs, where â€Å"†¦all bottlers are local companies either independently owned or only partially owned by the Coca-Cola†. There would be the functional structure in Coca-Cola, yet LawrieTech. com does not exist. Functional structure lies in putting like specialists together, which minimizes the number necessary while allowing the pooling and sharing of specialized resources across products. (Stephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge 2005) Coca-Cola is trying to â€Å"†¦achieve profitability through economies of scale and by capitalizing on its existing distribution†. Boundary-less organization is the eliminating of internal boundaries among subsystems and external boundaries with the external environment. It is also a combination of team and network structures with the addition of â€Å"temporariness†. (Stephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge 2005) Due to the identification on the above, LawrieTech. com is a boundary-less organization. As it has been exist on team structure as well as network structure. Teams are â€Å"†¦organized into flexible teams† to achieve the perfect match of skill and capabilities. They are exchanging ideas with each other through the ‘Knowledge Transfer’. Coca-Cola Company is not a boundary-less organization since team structure is less performed in it. Finally, matrix structure is a combination of functional and divisional structure for increasing the advantages and minimized the disadvantages of each used in manufacturing, service industries, professional fields, non-profit sectors and Multinational Corporation. Coca-Cola is a matrix organization as it has simultaneously existed both functional and divisional structures, but LawrieTech. com is not a matrix structure. For examples, Coca-Cola attempts to â€Å"†¦achieve profitability through economies of scale† and also develop product to â€Å"†¦meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†. Besides, they aim to â€Å"†¦adapt to local needs† by â€Å"the bottling and distribution systems†. 3. Organizational Culture Organization culture can be defined as a system of shared meaning by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization. (Stephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge 2005) At first, LawrieTech. com has been present in people orientation. People orientation is the degree of value and respect for people. â€Å"LawrieTech. om seeks to employ the best graduates available who can bring the skills and attitudes that are consistent with the company’s business philosophy and, indeed, their philosophy on life. † LawrieTech. com concern to the staffs’ working performance in their daily tasks with joyful. Through the identification, Coca-Cola does not have people orientation. Team orientation is one of the organizational cultures in the case studies. I t is the degree to which work activities are organized around teams rather than individual. (Stephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge 2005) In LawrieTech. com, â€Å"staffs are organized into flexible teams†. Each team has the right mix of skills and capabilities in order to meet the very exacting demands of clients†. Members are â€Å"†¦liaising directly with clients† and to fulfill the clients’ needs with taking decision themselves. â€Å"†¦Regular team meeting† set up to improve the relationship between each member of other teams. Coca-Cola has also less team orientation, as it is less performed as team structure. According to case studies, innovation and risk taking is performed in both companies. It is the degree of the company willing to experiment, take risks, and encourage innovation. In LawrieTech. com â€Å"†¦staffs are able to express themselves† and be creative in their work. Also, they have a mandate to do what it takes to get problems solving to serve to their aim. Coca-Cola Company is a manufacturer company, it needs to have more innovation and risk taking to achieve its desired goal. â€Å"Products are developed to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers† and they have produced â€Å"†¦over 300 brands worldwide in addition to its flagship brands†. Coca-Cola Company introduces aggressiveness in its company. Stephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2005) stated aggressiveness is â€Å"the degree to which people are aggressive and competitive rather than easygoing† (p. 512) Coca-Cola â€Å"growth in sales has been fueled both internally and through acquisitions and licensing agreements†. Also, it has developed products â€Å"†¦to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†. Nevertheless, LawrieTech. com is not an aggressiveness company. Coca-Cola has introduced outcome orientation, but LawrieTech. com does not exist. Outcome orientation is the degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes. Stephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge 2005) Coca-Cola is an organization which achieving their aim without focusing on undertaking the ways. It is more focus on their image and profit, so its top management â€Å"†¦axed 6,000 employees† to restructure their organization and also reduce their unnecessary cost fo r maintaining its financial. Likewise, Coca-Cola is â€Å"†¦recognizing the importance of international sales, has been very sensitive to local market conditions† for their profit and gain. Conclusion Coca-Cola Company and LawrieTech. om are not being able to compare with each other, because both are not in the same line organization. Coca-Cola Company is a manufacture line company, but LawrieTech. com is a customer line organization. Employees of LawrieTech. com are working together as a team and fulfilled with needs of power for self-satisfaction and confidence. However, employees of Coca-Cola Company should be more disciplined as there are full of rules and regulations, and they need to follow instructions from top management to complete their daily tasks. Reference Books 1. Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge (2005) Organizational Behaviour. 12th Edition. United States of America: Person Prentice Hall. P. 300-303, P. 478-485, P. 490-494. 2. Gibson, J. L. , Ivancevich, J. M. , Donnelly, J. H. , Jr. (1995) Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. 8th Edition. Boston, MA: Irwin. P. 542. 3. Michael P. Dumler and Steven J. Skinner (2008) A Primer for Management. 2nd Edition. United States of America: Thomson South-Western. P. 168. How to cite People, Organisation and Management, Essays

Autism 3 Essay Example For Students

Autism 3 Essay Many years ago, I watched a young boy rock back and forth as he worked a crossword puzzle. I tried to distract him from working the puzzle to ride bikes with me. I continuously asked him to play with me, but he kept staring at the puzzle while I attempted to look in his eyes. He took the puzzle apart and flipped the pieces in the air, one at a time. He did not speak, but he made crying noises. The more I asked questions or talked to him, the louder his cries became. As his frustration grew, he balled his fists up, punched his eyes, and kicked his feet. I was curious about his activity. I was later told the boy my brother} was autistic, says Tamara Robinson in an interview. Autism is a syndrome of childhood characterized by a lack of social relationship, a lack of communication abilities, persistent compulsive, rituals, and resistance to change (Paluszny 1). For centuries, medical professionals have tried to understand autism and its origin. The above example shows only a few examples of autistic behavior. The history of autism extends, as far back as the late sixteenth century; however, during that time it was not identified as this illness. Here is a statement from before the discovery of the illness: In 1799, a boy about eleven years of age was found naked in the woods of Averyron, France. He was dirty, covered with sores, mute, and behaved like A wild animal. Jean Itard, the physician of the new institution for deaf-mutes, Was given charge of the abandoned child. From Itards description, Victor Showed many features of autismhe did not look at people and never Played with the toys, but showed remarkable memory in recalling the position Of objects in his room and resisted any change of these objects. (Paluszny 2) In attempt to educate Victor, Itard used a glass of water as a form of encouragement, but he continued to remain silent and never spoke any words. It was not until 1943 that the label autism was used by a child psychiatrist, named Leo Kanner to describe the symptoms. The term autism derives from auto, the Greek word for self, (Hamblin 137). Kanner used this term when he studied eleven children who had a unique form of schizophrenia (Hamblin 136). Although, it was later determined that even though some of the characteristics of schizophrenia and autism are not the same, Kanner did open new doors for an intensive study of a confusing syndrome. The causes of autism are unknown. In most cases, the pregnancies of mothers of autistic children were normal. Occasionally, there were cases of maternal bleeding, prematurity, or maternal rubella, but these situations do not appear consistently. One possibility that scientists have researched is genetics. Chromosomal studies have been attempted to detect if autism is a result of too many chromosomes, because autism is more dominant in males than females, (Ritvo 169). The frequency in males is approximately 3/5,000 (Ritvo 169). Since females have two X-chromosomes and males have an X and Y chromosome, than the Y chromosome can be considered in current research activities. Another possibility is the malfunctioning of the brain. According to Adler, neurobiological researchers have localized several regions of the brain that are responsible for social interaction skills (248). Frith says, a biological defect causes autism, the symptoms which include a lack of communication, socialization and imagination. Scientists are continually searching for answers. During the stages of infancy, the autistic baby seems normal. Then, a period of time before the age of three, the child experiences regression. In some cases, the first signs are at the age of three. There is no exact determination of when the signs appear. When autistic parents were told to think back in time before the third year, some parents said that they could not pinpoint exactly what the difference was, but they described a vague feeling that something was wrong from infancy (Paluszny 4). In normal development of children, Paluszny says that one of the first milestones is the social smile (4). Babies smile and respond to the faces and voices of adults. The autistic infant does not bring about .

The behavior of an at

Describe at least three at-risk behaviors that you would address as this student’s Teacher, and explain why each behavior is problematic At-risk behaviors can be defined as those behaviors people have, which could lead to a high probability of making bad choices that could affect their future. They may include drug use, alcohol consumption, and low concentration among other behaviors (Zhan, 1999, p.91). In reference to the case study, this 16-year-old student has a number of at-risk behaviors.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on The behavior of an at-risk student specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first involves sleeping frequently in class, which lowers the student’s level of concentration, and important lessons taught in class are likely to pass by, thus affecting the student during exams. Indeed, the student is likely to fail his exams, as his concentration level is low. The second behavior in volves refusing to answer question directly, an at-risk behavior that means the student never concentrates in class, and therefore he avoids answering questions directly, as he is not sure of the answers. Another at-risk behavior, defacing of desks and textbooks in class, indicates that this student is careless, and this could be a hindrance to his success in the future, where he may required being careful, yet failing tremendously. His anti-social behavior is of concern, as he is not able to make many friends; this could be problematic in the future where teamwork is expected, and therefore, the victim may find it hard to blend in with others. Due to the fact that the student has only one surviving parent, circumstances force him to work after school, hence, his attention is divided, and thus the main cause of loosing focus in class. Briefly describe at least three instructional interventions that you, as this.  Student’s teacher, would implement in the classroom during th e regular school.  Day to appropriately address each at-risk behavior At-risk behaviors associated with students can be solved through various interventions. According to Hilyer Walden university (2007, p.4), teachers can rely on improvement programs that focus on knowledge about dealing with students; this can include communication methods. Nevertheless, the student’s behavior of refusing to answer questions directly symbolizes failure to listen to questions, or fear of giving the wrong answer. Therefore, a teacher should ensure that a program of enhancing listening is initiated, such that, the student’s understands the question first before answering it.Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Panahon, et al. (2007, p.36), cognitive behavior therapy intervention assists students in problem solving, whereby, students are taught how to evaluate challenging s ituations by gathering relevant information, thinking about the responses, and choosing the best response to give in form of an answer. Cognitive oriented instruction intervention involves strategies that aim at assisting students on effective learning. These strategies enable teachers to assist students in improving their thinking, hence enabling them to give the right responses; in addition, monitoring of students’ progress is encouraged (McREL, 2003, p.4). Behavior education program (BEP) is an intervention that involves daily check-in and checks-outs on the student. A teacher ensures that a student checks in with him after class, thereby receiving an immediate feedback on his/her behavior during class time. In addition, a student’s progress is monitored and performance reports are sent to parents. This kind of intervention will enable a student to be cautious on his behavior, especially if the teachers and parents are involved in assisting the student. BEP involves frequent meetings between the teacher and the student, and low effort is required from the teachers, continuous monitoring enables effective decision-making, (Lindsey White, 2008, p.670). Anti-social at-risk behavior It is evident that the student is anti-social, hence unfriendly and only relates to few friends. Therefore, the need for Tier 2 social skill groups is important, as it assists the student to develop social skills and relate well with his peers, hence communication skills are enhanced, and the student is able to improve on teamwork (Sandomierski, Kincaid Bob, N.d., p.4). Tier two interventions include small group counseling interventions; it is designed to enable students to be flexible and highly efficient. It is factual that students with behavioral problem have academic challenges too; therefore, the need to implement effective interventions is necessary.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on The behavior of an at-risk student specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mentoring program is an intervention that assists students in their challenges; this program will focus on the causes of the student’s anti-social behavior. A teacher should be in a position to mentor a student and create a form of trust with the student. In addition, a student will then be able to pour out his heart to the teacher, and the root of the problem can be identified. Peer paring is important for the anti-social behavior, such that the student will be able to develop positive social skills when paired up with his peers; hence the student learns to cooperate and communicating, hence improving on his social behavior. The anti-social nature of a student may affect the student’s after-school life; however, when tackled at a young stage, the issue may be eliminated. Frequent sleeping in class at risk behavior This kind of behavior affects a student’s academic life, as his concentration is lo w, however, a teacher can curb such a problem via introducing rules that are against sleeping in class. However a teacher can have a one on one meeting with student and try to understand the cause of his behavior, which in this case, the cause may be tiresomeness due to multi tasking, especially when this student works after classes to support his family. Increasing one-on-one time with a student is an intervention that will assist the student to realize the value of academics and how to balance his schoolwork and work life. These interventions should be based on finding solutions to a student’s problems; therefore, they should be geared towards effectiveness. The teacher can also assist the student to manage his time effectively to reach a balance. Counseling can also assist students in sharing their problems with the counselor, thereafter the counselor can find ways to assist such students in overcoming challenges that affect their class work, (Lindsey White, 2008, p.666). Communication should be encouraged between the teachers and the students to ensure quality learning. Using of whole brain teaching which includes humor, play, games, or music can keep a student alert and attentive in class, since it engages the students for its fun (Barnes, 2010).Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Barnes, D. (2010). Interventions for at – risk students. Web. Hilyer, S., Walden University. (2007). Intervention strategies for underachieving and at-risk middle-level students. NY: ProQuest Publisher. Panahon, A. et al. (2007). School-based Interventions for Students with or at Risk for Depression. Web. Sandomierski, T. Kincaid, D., Bob, A. (N.d). Response to Intervention and Positive Behavior Support: Brothers from Different Mothers or Sisters from Different Misters. Web. White, M., Lindsey, B. (2008). Tier 2 Behavioral Interventions for At-Risk.: Students. Web. Zhan, L. (1999). Asian voices: Asian and Asian American health educators speak out. NJ: Jones Bartlett Learning Publisher. This coursework on The behavior of an at-risk student was written and submitted by user Hazel Galloway to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Consumer culture †Is Individual Identity Shaped Essays

Consumer culture – Is Individual Identity Shaped Essays Consumer culture – Is Individual Identity Shaped Essay Consumer culture – Is Individual Identity Shaped Essay Consumer civilization – Is Individual Identity Shaped by Consumption or is it the Basis of Consumer Choice? In order to reply this inquiry it is necessary to research the research undertaken within the country in order to construct up a clear image of whether individualities are shaped by purchases and ownerships, or whether individualities shape individual’s consumer activities. The findings will be contrasted with Hagiographas on consumer behavior, which addresses issues such as young person disbursement, category consumer wonts and ethical consumer disbursement. This will all be placed within the current context of the global supermarket’ . Mannetti, Pierro and Livi ( 2002 ) conducted a survey on ingestion, which aimed to demo that identity variables contribute significantly to the account of purchase intention ( 1431 ) . Within their research, they quote James ( 1980 ) , who stated that, It is clear that between what a adult male calls me and what he merely calls mine the line is hard to pull. We feel and act about certain things that are ours really much as we feel and act about ourselves†¦in its widest possible sense, nevertheless, a adult males Self is the sum sum of what he CAN name his, non merely his organic structure and his psychic powers, but his apparels and his house ( quoted within Mannetti et Al, 1432 ) . It is clear that Mannetti et Al seek individuality to be added as a constituent to the TPB theoretical account ( Theory of Planned Behaviour ) ; a behavior theoretical account developed by Ajzen, which was designed to understand the procedures within which persons make determinations. Identity is non presently one of the prevailing factors within this theoretical account. They recognise the norms associated with ownerships and how they influence consumerism, as they province, to understand consumer behavior we must hold on the significance that individuality has a strong correlativity to consumerism. To back up their statement they quote Write, Claiborne and Sirgy ( 1992 ) who states that merchandises are associated with stereotyped images of users, connoting that consumers make a determination whether to adhere to that stereotype by buying the merchandise. Mannetti et al’s survey tests the potential utility of ego individuality to merchandise consumer behavior identities ( 1435 ) with allusion to three merchandises: nomadic phones of no specific trade name, back packs of which the trade name was Invicta, and tickers of which the trade name was Swatch. They province that the monetary values of the nomadic phones were high for the market, and low for the back packs and tickers. They discovered that the consequences from the nomadic phone survey showed that subjective norms played a big portion in whether an person would take a specific phone. They besides province that this contradicts old research as subjective norms have been shown to be the weakest factor in finding action. They note that the high presence of such norms in act uponing determination could be down to the fact that nomadic phones are a typical instrument for keeping societal relations ( 1439 ) . Mobile phones are used for texting’ – directing short t yped messages to other phones, and can be used to take and direct photographic images. In this sense so, it is non surprising that subjective norms would be predominating factor in the determination devising procedure for this point. The Invicta back packs demonstrated somewhat different consequences. It appeared that identity similarity’ instead than subjective norms influenced the determination to buy this merchandise, in other words the more participants perceives themselves to be like the typical user of Invicta back packs, the more they intended to buy one of them ( 1442 ) . Similar consequences were found refering the Swatch ticker. This would therefore indicate that, as stereotyped individualities are prescribed to an point, comprehending whether the consumer fits this individuality before buying is an of import factor. They besides point set that as their survey included functional points – phones, back packs and tickers, the impression of similarity identity’ and subjective norm force per unit area would be even more relevant in the determination devising procedure for luxury purchases. To sum up Mannetti et al’s survey of consumer behavior, they province that their survey supported the impression that, Peoples can develop an purpose to buy a merchandise because they are cognizant that the stereotyped image of the generalized user of that merchandise is close/similar to their ain existent egos ; that is they understand that the specific purchase affords the expression/confirmation of who they think themselves to be ( 1447 ) . They besides point out Wicklund and Gollwitzer remarks, that it could be argued persons recognise the stereotyped image associated with a certain merchandise, and recognize that as an ideal version of themselves. This is non who they are but who they would wish to be, and believe that by buying the point they could go, or at least appear, to be this idealized version. Shaw and Shui’s ( 2002 ) survey entitledThe Role of Ethical Obligation and Self Identity in Ethical Consumer Choice, focuses on how individual’s ethical beliefs affect their consumer picks. They province, In the context of ethical consumer behavior, determination devising may be driven by a sense of ethical duty and ego individuality with ethical issues ( 109 ) . Shaw and Shui besides refer to the TPB theoretical account within their survey. They quote Sparks et Al ( 1995 ) who province that in certain state of affairss or for certain behaviors, perceives moral duty may arise in the influence of others, and perceptual experiences of such duties may, in bend influence attitudes toward behavior ( 271 ) ( 110 ) . Shaw and Shui province that the TPB theoretical account is based on hedonistic results instead than a consideration of useful motives ( 110 ) and steadfastly believe that ethical concerns contribute to the determination to buy. They besides comment on Sparks et A l ( 1995 ) survey which found that subjective norms did non do a considerable part to merchandise pick, which is in resistance to Mannetti et Al. Shaw and Shui’s survey discovered, as they had predicted, that identification with ethical issues is likely to ensue in an empathy for these concerns, and the consequent development of a more positive attitude towards them ( 114 ) . For illustration, persons with a positive ethical attitude towards supplying a just monetary value for manufacturers would claim that buying fair-trade java would be of importance to them. This survey does connote that personal individuality forms consumer pick, nevertheless it does non supply a definite reply. It could be argued that persons may desire to be viewed as possessing positive ethical beliefs and in order to make so would buy ethical merchandises, such as fair-trade points. With respect to ingestion and individuality, it is necessary to discourse the disbursement attitudes of young persons. Benn’s ( 2004 ) survey on such attitudes illustrates the power and possible kids and immature people have in relation to consumption ( 108 ) . Youths, as Benn points out, are really cognizant of brand power’ and the stereotyped images associated with trade names ; they know precisely what trade name and type they want to purchase and lodge to it, until the following tendency takes over ( 111 ) . Ben mentions one kid within his survey who wears skater’ apparels, and who by making so, perceives himself as skater’ , even though he does non partake in the activity. As Storry and Childs province ( 2002 ) , immature people express their individualities through their purchases, for illustration, the apparels they wear, the nutrient they eat and the music they listen to. Their involvements and leisure activities come at a retail monetary value ; s howing their individualities comes at a retail monetary value. The allotment of norms onto consumer goods is even more prevailing within youth civilization, as Benn’s skater’ male child demonstrates. Identities can be bought and exchanged for new 1s as the tendencies alteration, bespeaking that consumer pick molds identities instead than individuality being the footing of consumer pick. Celia Lurey ( 1997 ) suggests that members of the on the job categories now use consumer picks to project an image that used to be associated with in-between categories. Storry and Childs besides back up this by saying that working people ( are ) going more money centred, household centred and individualistic†¦house and auto ownership in working category countries has become a symbol of lifting status ( 223 ) . Class now appears to be determined by passing ability, although it is non merely the ability to pass, but besides the ways in which that money is spent. A relevant illustration of this could be the popularity of individualized figure home bases ; a clear illustration of projecting individuality through consumerism. Personalised figure home bases project a certain stereotyped individuality, and those who purchase such points, it would be safe to presume, deliberately project this individuality. Britain’s current category construction is now a construction, Lurey sug gests, which because of consumer civilization, enables its members to elect their places instead than hold it imposed upon them. This implies that the points persons purchase determine their individuality, or at least how those individualities are perceived. One facet that must be addressed when discoursing how and why persons spend is the global supermarket’ The Global supermarket is a place where consumers happily choose individualities as they might take suits of clothes ( Matthews, 2000, 178 ) . Matthews states that within the definition of post modern’ society, it states that bing within the planetary supermarket enhances the inability to believes in any larger narrative about the significance of human being, or to stretch its definition a small, the inability to dream of national cultural roots ( 178 ) . Matthews is proposing that single penchants form individuality within this planetary supermarket. Lyon ( 1999 ) suggests that The postmodern is†¦associated with a society where consumer life styles and mass ingestion dominate the waking lives of its members†¦will the postmodern status leave us in a lasting flux of relativity, where all is capable merely to the arbitrary intrigues of the market place? shall we henceforth discover our individuality and integrating in the market place entirely? ( Lyon, 1999, 55-56 ) . Matthews’s sentiment is based on the premise that persons have the freedom to make up ones mind what they wish to devour, based on their gustatory sensations and desires, in other words their individuality. Lyon appears to hold a less positive position of the planetary supermarket, as he gives the feeling that persons stumble through a non-existent world in despairing hunt of an individuality. He implies that persons require such individualities in order to incorporate within society, showing the force per unit area consumerist society inflicts upon its members. Bauman ( 1998 ) states that universally adored in the individuals of the rich is their fantastic ability to pick and take the contents of their lives†¦Being local in a globalised universe is a mark of societal want and degradation ( 95 ) . Bauman is proposing that taking to be local’ within the planetary supermarket, in other words non showing involvements in activities and merchandises that are available f rom the planetary supermarket, is viewed in a negative mode by consumer society. Bauman, like Matthews, perceives the handiness of merchandises and scope of pick within the planetary supermarket as a approval, he demonstrates the force per unit areas to pass and devour within the planetary supermarket ; the force per unit area to take an individuality. As Lurey provinces, the manner in which the persons exercise the will to choose one merchandise as penchant over another, or non to take an point at all, is taken as a mark of individuality ( 248 ) . It is suggested that consumer choice’ is still the agencies by which our society thinks about single bureau and liberty and makes opinions ( good or bad ) about personal identity ( 248 ) . Therefore staying local’ within the planetary supermarket is besides an index of an individual’s individuality. Not devouring within consumer society is every bit every bit of import as trade name pick in finding how others perceiv e individuality ; and is an mercantile establishment for showing individuality. The inclusion of choice’ nevertheless, harmonizing to Hoggart ( 2004 ) is a myth. He states that mass ingestion implies mass approval ( 81 ) . In other words, peculiar merchandises are perceived every bit superior as the multitudes consumed them. He gives the illustration: McDonald’s beefburgers are the pinnacle of culinary criterions of gustatory sensation: much better than a repast prepared by a three-star chef since so many more 1000000s have voted for it with their mouths ( 81 ) . This witty illustration absolutely illustrates how an point that is perceives as being popular becomes popular. This barbarous rhythm is abused by advertisement with the consequence of consumers buying points that they believe to be superior due to the belief that others think so excessively. It could be argued that persons hence had no pick at all, as the planetary supermarket persuades persons to devour what is popular, or what is perceived to be popular. There appears to be valid statements for both opposing constructs ; whether single individuality is shaped by ingestion, or whether individuality is the footing of what one consumes. It would look that depending upon the usage of the specific consumerable’ point, and whether or non other people will be able to see an persons ownership of the point, has a great affect on the determination doing procedure of devouring that point. Clothes and accoutrements, music and points such as nomadic phones, carry a batch of subjective norms and stereotypes and it could hence be argued, as it was shown by Mannetti et Al, that these points project an individuality. It has to be proven nevertheless, whether or non persons consume points which demonstrate who they are, or whether they demonstrate who they want to be. Lunt and Livingstone ( 1992 ) province that consumer civilization provides conditions within which most people work out their identities ( 29-33 ) , proposing that individualities are developed with the usage of consumerism. Mannetti et al conclude by saying that it seems that in modern-day mundane life, the presentation of ego ( Goffman, 1959 ) is based on stuff ownerships ( even cheap 1s ) every bit much as, if non more than, on the look of attitudes and opinions ( 1446 ) . It would look so, that as society Judgess one another based on stuff ownerships it can merely be concluded that in the bulk of instances, single individuality is shaped by ingestion. Society attached norms and values onto objects, and by devouring these objects, these norms and values are displayed for others to see and measure. Plants Cited/Bibliography: Diaries: Benn, J. , Consumer Education Between Consumership’ and Citizenship: Experiences from Studies of Young People , inInternational Journal of Consumer Surveies, 2004, March, 28 ( 2 ) , pp108-116. Chapman, K. , K. , Grace-Martin and H.T. Lawless, Expectations and Stability of Preference Choice , inJournal of Sensory Surveies, 2006, 21, pp 441-445. Elliott, R. , Existential Consumption and Irrational Desire , inJournal of Marketing, 1997, 31, pp 285-296. Mannetti, L. , A. Pierro, and S. Livi, Explaining Consumer Behavior: From Planned to Self-Expressive Behaviour , inJournal of Applied Social Psychology, 2002, 32, 7, pp 1431-1451. Shaw, D. , and E. Shui, The Role of Ethical Obligation and Self-Identity in Ethical Consumer Choice , inInternational Journal of Consumer Surveies, 26, 2, June 2002, pp109-116. Flickers, P. , R. Shepherd and L. J. Frewer, Assessing and Structuring Attitudes Toward the Use of Gene Technology in Food Production: The Role of Perceived Ethical Obligation , inBasic and Applied Social Psychology, 1995, 16 ( 34 ) , pp267-285. Books: Hoggart, R,Mass Media in a Mass Society: Myth and Reality, London: Continuum, 2004. Lunt, P and Livingstone, S, Mass Consumption and Personal Identity, Buckingham: Open University Press, 1992. Lurey, C,Consumer Culture, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997. Bauman, Z.Globalization: The Human Consequences, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998. Lyon, D.Postmodernity, Buckingham: Open University Press, 1999. Saint matthews, G,Global Culture/Individual Identity: Searching for Home in the Cultural Supermarket, London: Routledge, 2000. Storry, M and Childs, P.British Cultural Identities, London: Routledge, 2002. 1

'Power Point Project of ENGINEERING CLASS Essay

'Power Point Project of ENGINEERING CLASS - Essay Example As I look back on the memorable notes of that event, I noticed how some points expressed the excitement I felt particularly towards the last part of the game. Watching the replay of the 10th round’s highlight. Even the commentator bellowed â€Å"boom!† on one solid hit by P. Referee checked T’s wounds at 1:40 into the game but he did not stop the fight. Bell signals the end of round 11 and the crowd is going crazy. Final round! My hands are sweaty from excitement! P was sure easing off on T. T is really bleeding bad and no one is stopping the game! No one needs any tabulation of points. Everybody knows who is the winner! P!!! Replay of highlights. T needs hospitalization..FAST! According to Adler, momentum is a process involving style, effort, speed, intensity, and success (14). As I look back on that day, I realized some of these processes happened not only in the game itself, but also to me personally, right there on the chair as I sit and watch. The match star ted with me thinking it will be an uneventful first part of the fight, but one forceful jab sent me sitting up straight on the chair and the crowd in the arena howling their first in-game cheers. It happened so quickly that all I hear was the screaming crowd and the commentators trying to raise their voices above the noise. The scene kept on, with P throwing several jabs, yet landing a few. Every time T starts to back-up and stalk P around the ring, P throws a couple of his famous three-punch combination. The rise of the momentum for P happened so fast it literally made my heartbeat race with excitement. The attacks, back steps, and forward lunges were all done with swift poise and exactness I can almost imagine P being so sure he could knock T out any minute. I could say there was a steady rise of momentum right from the first round, and it was so contagious it was sent to where I was sitting, through the screen, from the boxing arena. T tried hard to match P’s momentum, or even dissuade it with his own series of punches and alert defense. T was surely able to land a few jabs on P, albeit deterring P’s movements, but only for a short while. These are momentum breakers (Adler and Scott 93), but unfortunately, since P started the activity so well and received â€Å"early positive feedback† (Adler and Scott 14), he was able to continue building up what he started early on in the match. Looking back on the first round, P was able to gain momentum immediately (Adler and Scott 78) that made it hard for T to counter it right after. In T’s attacks, one can feel his sedateness occasionally with the not-so-intense jabs that he threw at P during the next several minutes of the match (Adler and Scott 15). This was even made more obvious during the fourth round, when more powerful, unanswered punches gave the audience a view of a bleeding T. From there, I sensed another momentum breaker, unfortunately, for T’s momentum, which apparently has not even reached its peak yet. Adler mentioned that a momentum is largely dependent on the actor’s thoughts and feelings towards the situation (15). If this is the case, then T’s situation was not that hopeful to start with, as this could cause him to step back and assess the situation, which would have been another momentum breaker for him (Adler and Scott 93). By the middle part of the match, my hands were already clammy with cold sweat. I did not